Chapter 2: IPO & Markets
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Day 15: Share Kitne Type Ke Hote Hain?
Equity, Preference, Bonus — sab ka alag rang!
2 min read
📖 Ramesh Tea Ka Naya Plan
IPO ke baad, Ramesh ke paas kai tarah ke investors hain. Kuch ne normal shares liye, kuch ne VIP deal maangi — "Hume guaranteed dividend chahiye, chahe profit ho ya nahi!"
Ramesh ne socha — "Theek hai, main alag type ke shares issue karta hoon!" Yahi se share types ki story shuru hoti hai.
IPO ke baad, Ramesh ke paas kai tarah ke investors hain. Kuch ne normal shares liye, kuch ne VIP deal maangi — "Hume guaranteed dividend chahiye, chahe profit ho ya nahi!"
Ramesh ne socha — "Theek hai, main alag type ke shares issue karta hoon!" Yahi se share types ki story shuru hoti hai.
Share Types
🟠 Equity Shares (Ordinary Shares)
Most common. Full ownership rights.
• Voting rights hote hain (AGM mein vote)
• Dividend fluctuate karta hai profit ke sath
• Risk zyada, reward zyada
• Market pe openly traded
Most common. Full ownership rights.
• Voting rights hote hain (AGM mein vote)
• Dividend fluctuate karta hai profit ke sath
• Risk zyada, reward zyada
• Market pe openly traded
🔵 Preference Shares
VIP investors ke liye.
• Fixed dividend (guaranteed, like FD!)
• Company doobe toh equity se pehle paisa milega
• Voting rights usually nahi hote
• Lower risk, lower upside
VIP investors ke liye.
• Fixed dividend (guaranteed, like FD!)
• Company doobe toh equity se pehle paisa milega
• Voting rights usually nahi hote
• Lower risk, lower upside
Corporate Actions — Company Apne Shareholders Ko Gift Deti Hai!
🎁 Bonus Shares
Agar Ramesh Tea ke 100 shares hain tere paas aur company "2:1 bonus" announce kare, toh tujhe FREE mein 200 aur shares milenge! Total 300. Price proportionally adjust hoti hai. Free ka maal! 🎉
Agar Ramesh Tea ke 100 shares hain tere paas aur company "2:1 bonus" announce kare, toh tujhe FREE mein 200 aur shares milenge! Total 300. Price proportionally adjust hoti hai. Free ka maal! 🎉
✂️ Stock Split
MRF share ₹1,00,000 pe tha (India ka sabse mehenga share!). 1:10 split karo toh ₹10,000 per share. Aur affordable ho jaata hai common investors ke liye. Like cutting a ₹100 note into 10 ₹10 notes — value same!
MRF share ₹1,00,000 pe tha (India ka sabse mehenga share!). 1:10 split karo toh ₹10,000 per share. Aur affordable ho jaata hai common investors ke liye. Like cutting a ₹100 note into 10 ₹10 notes — value same!
🔄 Rights Issue
Company existing shareholders ko pehle naye shares khareedne ka mauka deti hai market price se discount pe. "Tumhara already haath mein mauka aa raha hai!" — yeh right hai rights issue mein.
Company existing shareholders ko pehle naye shares khareedne ka mauka deti hai market price se discount pe. "Tumhara already haath mein mauka aa raha hai!" — yeh right hai rights issue mein.
Buyback
Company apne khud ke shares market se khareed leti hai. Kyun?
• Excess cash return karna hai shareholders ko
• Share price support karna
• EPS improve hoti hai (less shares)
Example: Infosys, TCS regularly buyback karte hain! Shareholders ke liye generally positive signal.
• Excess cash return karna hai shareholders ko
• Share price support karna
• EPS improve hoti hai (less shares)
Example: Infosys, TCS regularly buyback karte hain! Shareholders ke liye generally positive signal.
🎉 MRF — India Ka Mehenga Share!
MRF (tyre company) ka share aaj ₹1,20,000+ pe trade hota hai! Ek share ke liye ₹1.2 lakh chahiye! Company ne kabhi split nahi kiya deliberately — isi liye price itna zyada hai. Warren Buffett style — Berkshire Hathaway bhi split nahi kiya Class A share! 🏆
MRF (tyre company) ka share aaj ₹1,20,000+ pe trade hota hai! Ek share ke liye ₹1.2 lakh chahiye! Company ne kabhi split nahi kiya deliberately — isi liye price itna zyada hai. Warren Buffett style — Berkshire Hathaway bhi split nahi kiya Class A share! 🏆
🎯 Takeaway:
Equity shares = ownership + voting, variable returns. Preference shares = fixed return, no voting. Bonus, split, rights issue = corporate actions jo share count/price affect karte hain. Saare ek hi company ke, alag properties!
Equity shares = ownership + voting, variable returns. Preference shares = fixed return, no voting. Bonus, split, rights issue = corporate actions jo share count/price affect karte hain. Saare ek hi company ke, alag properties!